DISASTER MEDICINE No.2 •2023

https://doi.org/10.33266/2070-1004-2023-2

Review article

Domestic and International Experience in Organizing Medical Care for Victims of Man-Made Emergencies

Matuzov G.L. 1, Masyagutova L.M. 1

Download the article in pdf format

1 Bashkir State Medical University of the Ministry for Health of the Russian Federation, Ufa, Russian Federation

UDC 614.8

Pp. 62–68 

Summary. The aim of the study is to investigate and to systematize world experience in the organization of measures to prevent technogenic emergencies (ES), as well as the experience of timely measures to eliminate their medical and sanitary consequences, to ensure safety of the population, to provide medical care and reduce the damage caused to national economy.

Study materials and methods. Various databases were used, including PubMed; Russian information-analytical portal in the field of science, technology, medicine and education — scientific electronic library eLIBRARY.RU; open access statistical reporting data and also official sites of scientific journals on the specified subjects.

Results of the study and their analysis. It is noted that most countries, including the Russian Federation, have accumulated a lot of experience and developed a large number of regulatory documents governing algorithms and a necessary amount of activities in the field of protection of population and territories from man-made emergencies.

In the event of such emergencies there are extremely urgent tasks to reduce or to prevent potential sanitary losses among civil population, as well as to ensure the uninterrupted operation of medical facilities. To solve them a whole complex of measures on medical and psychological protection of the population and employees of medical institutions is carried out.

A specific peculiarity of professional activity of specialists of rescue services and medical workers, providing liquidation of medical and sanitary consequences of technogenic emergencies, is work in special conditions and under the influence of a considerable quantity of stressogenic factors.

Organization of medical support of the victims of man-made emergencies also includes the creation of mobile forces, capable of ensuring the timeliness of medical care to victims.

Most European countries have created joint rapid response forces, which are represented by mobile medical brigades and detachments, organized on the basis of large multidisciplinary medical treatment organizations. Their main task is to assess medical situation in the affected area: number of victims, severity of injuries and their preferential localization, need for specialized medical care, dislocation of the available medical forces and facilities and their capabilities.

Domestic and international experience of organization of medical aid rendering to victims of technogenic emergencies shows that high levels of stress, anxiety, depression, professional burnout occur among the specialists of rescue services and medical workers, which may have long-term consequences. New methods and approaches to the organization of medical care in man-made emergencies are being developed and implemented all over the world and ways to support specialists of rescue services and medical workers taking part in the liquidation of man-made emergencies are being improved.

Keywords: disaster medicine, emergency medical aid, medical aid, psychological aid, sanitary losses, stress factors, technogenic emergencies, victims 

Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest

For citation: Matuzov G.L., Masyagutova L.M. Domestic and International Experience in Organizing Medical Care for Victims of Man-Made Emergencies. Meditsina Katastrof = Disaster Medicine. 2023;2:62-68 (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.33266/2070-1004-2023-2-62-68

 

REFERENCES

  1. Matuzov G.L., Masyagutova L.M. The Influence of Production Factors on the Formation of Mental Maladaptation in Medical Workers During the Pandemic of a New Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19). Meditsina Katastrof = Disaster Medicine. 2022;4:44-49 (In Russ.).
  2. Kaybyshev V.T., Fedotov A.L., Khisamutdinov R.A., Matuzov G.L., Akhmetov V.M. Osnovy Organizatsii Mediko-Psikhologicheskogo Obespecheniya Naseleniya, Meditsinskikh Rabotnikov i Spasateley pri ChS = Fundamentals of the Organization of Medical and Psychological Support for the Population, Medical Workers and Rescuers in Emergencies. Study Guide. Ufa Publ., 2021 (In Russ.).
  3. Kaybyshev V.T., Matuzov G.L., Travnikov O.Yu., Fedotov A.L., Akhmetov V.M. Occupational Risk Factors and the Consequences of Mental Maladjustment in Medical Specialists and Rescuers in Emergency Situations: the Current State of the Problem. Meditsina Katastrof = Disaster Medicine. 2022;2:17-21 (In Russ.).
  4. Shoygu Yu.S., Timofeyeva L.N., Tolubayeva N.V., Varfolomeyeva E.I., Sokolova A.A., Kurilova E.V., Karmilova M.E. Peculiarities of Providing Emergency Psychological Assistance in Case of Loss in Emergency Situations. Natsionalnyy Psikhologicheskiy Zhurnal = National Psychological Journal. 2021;1:115-126 (In Russ.).
  5. Psikhologiya Ekstremalnykh Situatsiy dlya Spasateley i Pozharnykh = Psychology of Extreme Situations for Rescuers and Firefighters. Ed. Shoygu Yu.S. Moscow, Smysl Publ., 2007. 319 p. (In Russ.).
  6. Matuzov G.L., Khisamutdinov R.A., Masyagutova L.M., Larionov V.N., Sadykov F.A. Edinaya Gosudarstvennaya Sistema Preduprezhdeniya i Likvidatsii ChS = Unified State System for the Prevention and Elimination of Emergencies. Tutorial. Ufa Publ., 2022 (In Russ.).
  7. Baranova N.N., Goncharov S.F. Current State of the Problem of Organizing and Conducting Medical Evacuation of Victims in Emergencies. Meditsina Katastrof = Disaster Medicine. 2020;4:57-65 (In Russ.).
  8. Kuzmin A.G., Nosov A.V. The Success of Saving the Lives of Victims of Road Traffic Accidents is in the Effective Interaction of Medical Institutions with Related Structures. Doctor.ru. 2017;10:63-67 (In Russ.).
  9. Herstein J.J., Schwedhelm M.M., Vasa A., Biddinger P.D., Hewlett A.L. Emergency Preparedness: What is the Future? Antimicrob Steward Health Epidemiol. 2021;1;1:e29. doi: 10.1017/ash.2021.190.
  10. National Disaster Medigal System; Medical Manpover Component Establishment – Health Resources and Services Administration, HHS. Notice. Fed. Registr. 1988;53;76:12994-12995.
  11. Martin P.L., Laribi S. Eur European Emergency Medicine Research Network: a Necessity Achieved. J. Emerg. Med. 2021;28;1:1-2. doi: 10.1097/MEJ.0000000000000785.
  12. Parker G.W. Best Practices for After-Action Review: Turning Lessons Observed into Lessons Learned for Preparedness Policy. Rev. Sci. Tech. 2020;39;2:579-590. doi: 10.20506/rst.39.2.3108.
  13. Dupepe L.M., Donaho J.C., Roble G. Emergency Response and Management. Chapter 17 // Management of Animal Care and Use Programs in Research, Education, and Testing. Ed. Weichbrod R.H., Thompson G.A., Norton J.N. Boca Raton (FL), CRC Press/Taylor & Francis, 2018.
  14. Black J.J., Davies G.D. International EMS Systems: United Kingtom. Resuscitation. 2005;64;1:21-29. doi: 10. 1016/j. resuscitation.2004.10.004.
  15. Ambulance Services, England – 2012-13 [NS]. NHS Digital. 2014.
  16. Terris J., Leman P., O’Connor N., Wood R. Making an IMPACT on Emergency Department Flow: Improving Patient Processing Assisted by Consultant at Triage. Emerg. Med. J. 2004;21:537–541. doi: 10.1136/emj.2002.003913.
  17. Adnet F., Lapostolle F. International EMS Systems: France. Resuscitation. 2004;63;1:7-9.
  18. Arnold J. International Emergency Medicine and the Recent Development of Emergency Medicine Worldwide. Ann. Emerg. Med. 1999;33;1:97-103.
  19. Brismar B., Totten V., Persson B.M. Emergency, Disaster and Defense Medicine: The Swedish Model. Annals of Emergency Medicine. 1996;27;2:250-253.
  20. Platz E., Bey T., Walter F.G. International Report: Current State and Development of Health Insurance and Emergency Medicine in Germany. The Influence of Health Insurance Laws on the Practice of Emergency Medicine in a European Country. J. Emerg. Med. 2003;25;2:203-210. doi: 10.1016/s0736-4679(03)00173-2.
  21. Roessler M., Zuzan O. EMS Systems in Germany. Resuscitation. 2006;68;1:45-49.
  22. Moecke H. Emergency Medicine in Germany. Ann. Emerg Med. 1998;31;1:111-115. doi: 10.1016/S0196-0644(98)70292-6.
  23. Littleton-Kearney M.T., Slepski L.A. Directions for Disaster Nursing Education in the United States. Critical Care Nursing Clinics of North America. 2008;20;1:103–109. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ccell.2007.10.008.
  24. Usher K., Mayner L. Disaster Nursing: a Descriptive Survey of Australian Undergraduate Nursing Curricula. Australasian Emergency Nursing Journal. 2011;14;2:75–80. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aenj.2011.02.005.
  25. Aliakbari F., Pirani T., Heidari M., Kheiri S. Effect of Operational Exercises on Nurses’ Competence in Dealing with Disaster. Journal of Education Health Promotion. 2022;11:54. https://doi.org/10.4103/jehp.jehp_429_21.
  26. Mace S.E., Jones J.T., Bern A.I. An Analysis of Disaster Medical Assistance Team (DMAT) Deployments in the United States. Prehosp. Emerg. Care. 2007;11;1:30-5. doi: 10.1080/10903120601023396.
  27. Tkhokhova Z.M., Baranova N.N. Verification Visit of Experts of World Health Organization to Center for Disaster Medicine of Saluzzo, Piemont, Italy. Meditsina Katastrof = Disaster Medicine. 2018;4:11-14 (In Russ.).

 

The material was received 25.05.23; the article after peer review procedure 31.05.23; the Editorial Board accepted the article for publication 23.06.23
Copyright © 2024 “Disaster Medicine” Journal | Powered by “Disaster Medicine” Journal